State appropriation / national ecological programChina Three-North Shelterbelt ("Great Green Wall")
The world's largest afforestation program — running since 1978 across arid northern China, targeting tens of millions of hectares of shelterbelt forest by 2050 to hold back the Gobi's expansion.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Prof. Shixiong CaoEcologist, Beijing Forestry University — leading cost-benefit analyst of the program
Prof. Gaoming JiangRestoration ecologist, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Botany)
National Forestry & Grassland AdministrationState forestry authority, China · Profil de l'organisation
ContactPresidential national campaign / state + private co-fundingMongolia "1 Billion Trees by 2030"
Launched by President Khürelsükh at the 76th UN General Assembly (2021): one billion trees by 2030 to fight desertification — over 77% of Mongolia's land is degraded; ~41.5 million trees planted in the first waves.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Ukhnaa KhurelsukhPresident of Mongolia — campaign initiator
Tserendorj UranchimegDirector General, Natural Resources Policy, Ministry of Environment & Climate Change
Ministry of Environment & Climate Change (Mongolia)Implementing state agency · Profil de l'organisation
ContactFiscal transfer / public PESCosta Rica — Pagos por Servicios Ambientales (PSA)
The world's flagship statutory payments-for-ecosystem-services system (Forest Law 7575, 1996): landowners are paid from fossil-fuel taxes and water fees for forest conservation and restoration — forest cover rebounded from ~21% to over 57%.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Carlos Manuel RodríguezCEO & Chair, Global Environment Facility; former Costa Rican Environment Minister — architect of PSA
Dr. Ina PorrasEnvironmental economist (IIED) — leading PSA analyst
FONAFIFO Executive PresidencyNational fund operator · Profil de l'organisation
ContactState-led village forestry / fiscal mobilizationSouth Korea — National Forest Rehabilitation
Post-war national reforestation (1962–1987): village forestry associations, fuelwood plantations, and strict national forest law took Korea from devastated hills to ~63% forest cover — the canonical state-led restoration success.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Korea Forest Service AdministratorState forestry authority, Republic of Korea · Profil de l'organisation
Korea Forestry Research InstituteNational research arm of KFS · Profil de l'organisation
Seoul National University Dept. of Forest SciencesAcademic partner & policy evaluator · Profil de l'organisation
ContactTax-exempt conservation bond / PPPBlue Forest — Forest Resilience Bond (FRB)
Blue Forest's FRB lets private investors cover upfront forest-health and wildfire-risk reduction costs; the state of California and water/hydro utilities repay at contracted rates from appropriations as work completes — and the bonds carry state tax exemption, like municipal bonds (investor returns of 0.5–4%).
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Zach KnightCEO & Co-founder, Blue Forest Conservation
Nick WobbrockCo-founder, Blue Forest Conservation
Nathalie WoolworthConservation Finance Program Lead, USDA Forest Service
ContactSovereign debt conversion (debt-for-nature)Debt-for-Nature Conversions
Creditors (TNC, IDB, IMF-linked trusts) buy down or guarantee sovereign debt in exchange for committed marine/forest conservation funding — Ecuador's $1.6bn Galápagos conversion and Belize's blue bond are the templates; forests are the next frontier.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Jennifer MorrisCEO, The Nature Conservancy
IDB Climate Finance TeamRegional development bank anchor · Profil de l'organisation
TNC Global Debt TeamConversion structuring unit · Profil de l'organisation
ContactJurisdictional carbon offtake (results-based payments)LEAF Coalition / Emergent
Public-private coalition (founded by Norway, US, UK + corporations like Amazon, Airbnb) buying jurisdictional-scale REDD+ credits (ART TREES standard) from tropical forest governments at a $10+ floor price — sovereign-level carbon revenue.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Eron BloomgardenCEO, Emergent (LEAF's intermediary platform)
LEAF SecretariatCoalition coordination · Profil de l'organisation
WRI Forest Program LeadershipTechnical anchor partner · Profil de l'organisation
ContactPrivate natural-capital fund (blended debt/equity)Natural Capital Investment Funds
Institutional blended funds financing sustainable forestry and landscape restoration in emerging markets — e.g., Mirova's natural-capital funds, the Althelia climate funds, and &Green's forest-risk commodity lending.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Mirova Natural Capital TeamFund manager leadership · Profil de l'organisation
&Green Investment CommitteeBlended finance governance · Profil de l'organisation
UNCCD Land Finance UnitPublic anchor partner · Profil de l'organisation
ContactVoluntary carbon credits (REDD+ project finance)Voluntary REDD+ Project Finance (Wildlife Works Kasigau)
Project developers finance forest protection by selling verified voluntary carbon credits (Verra VCS) — Wildlife Works' Kasigau Corridor (Kenya) is the flagship community-wildlife REDD+ archetype.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Mike KorchinskyFounder & President, Wildlife Works
Wildlife Works Carbon TeamProject development leadership · Profil de l'organisation
Verra Standard LeadershipRegistry & methodology governance · Profil de l'organisation
ContactCorporate impact fund (return-seeking)Apple Restore Fund
A $200M+ first-of-its-kind return-seeking carbon-removal forestry fund — Apple with Conservation International financing sustainably certified working forests that yield both timber and verified carbon removals.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Lisa JacksonVP Environment, Policy & Social Initiatives, Apple
M. SanjayanCEO, Conservation International
Restore Fund Management TeamFund operations · Profil de l'organisation
ContactInstitutional timberland (TIMO / REIT)Institutional Timberland Investment (TIMOs & REITs)
Pension and endowment capital in rotation forestry at scale — timberland investment management organizations (Hancock Natural Resource Group, Campbell Global) and public REITs (Weyerhaeuser) are the century-old private-market model for working forests.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
HNRG Leadership TeamTimberland investment management · Profil de l'organisation
Weyerhaeuser Executive TeamPublic REIT governance · Profil de l'organisation
Campbell Global LeadershipTIMO portfolio management · Profil de l'organisation
ContactCommunity carbon credits (charitable + credit sales)Plan Vivo — Smallholder Community Carbon
The longest-running community forestry carbon standard: smallholders and communities plant and restore under 100-year plans, selling Plan Vivo certificates with strong land-tenure and benefit-sharing safeguards.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Plan Vivo Foundation BoardStandard governance · Profil de l'organisation
Plan Vivo Technical TeamMethodology & MRV leadership · Profil de l'organisation
Project Coordinators NetworkIn-country implementation · Profil de l'organisation
ContactNGO movement / donation + advocacyGreen Belt Movement (Kenya)
Founded by Nobel laureate Wangari Maathai (1977): community tree-planting by women's groups — over 51 million trees planted and a global template for civic reforestation.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Prof. Wangari Maathai (†2011, 2004 Nobel Peace Prize)Founder — legacy page · Profil de l'organisation
Wanjira MathaiBoard & movement leadership; MD for Africa, World Resources Institute
Green Belt Movement Executive DirectorCurrent operations · Profil de l'organisation
ContactYouth donation movement + digital trackingPlant-for-the-Planet / Trillion Tree Campaign
Founded by 9-year-old Felix Finkbeiner (2007); grew into the Trillion Tree Campaign and the world's largest tree-planting tracking platform with science backing from ETH Zürich's Crowther Lab.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Felix FinkbeinerFounder, Plant-for-the-Planet
Prof. Thomas CrowtherFounder, Crowther Lab — scientific advisor
Plant-for-the-Planet SecretariatGlobal youth coordination · Profil de l'organisation
ContactDonor-funded employ-to-plantEden Reforestation Projects
"Employ to plant": hires local communities in extreme-poverty regions (Madagascar, Nepal, Kenya...) to plant and guard native forests at extreme scale — hundreds of millions of trees, funded by donors and sponsors per-tree.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Stephen FitchFounder & CEO, Eden Reforestation Projects
Eden Science Advisory TeamMonitoring & forestry leadership · Profil de l'organisation
Eden Country DirectorsIn-country operations · Profil de l'organisation
ContactPES water funds (municipal/industrial financing)Latin American Water Funds
Municipal utilities, bottlers, and hydropower pay upstream communities to protect and restore forested watersheds — more than 25 water funds across Latin America (Fondo Agua por la Vida y la Sostenibilidad), co-created by TNC, FEMSA Foundation, and IDB.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
TNC Latin America Water TeamFund design & science · Profil de l'organisation
FEMSA Foundation LeadershipPrivate co-anchor · Profil de l'organisation
IDB Water & Sanitation DivisionPublic finance anchor · Profil de l'organisation
ContactCSR/philanthropic micro-forest sponsorshipMiyawaki Method Micro-Forests
Prof. Akira Miyawaki's ultra-dense, native-species micro-forest method — 10× faster growth, 30× denser, 100× more biodiversity than plantations — globalized by Afforestt and SUGi with thousands of pocket forests.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Prof. Akira Miyawaki (†)Method founder, Yokohama National University — legacy · Profil de l'organisation
Shubhendu SharmaFounder, Afforestt — industrialized the method
Elise Van MiddelemFounder & CEO, SUGi
ContactEndowment + research grantsForestGEO — Global Long-Term Forest Research Network
The Smithsonian's Forest Global Earth Observatory: 70+ standardized research forest plots across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe — the world's largest network measuring how forests grow, die, and store carbon over decades.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Dr. Stuart DaviesDirector, ForestGEO (Smithsonian)
ForestGEO Science CommitteeNetwork governance · Profil de l'organisation
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History LeadershipHost institution · Profil de l'organisation
ContactUniversity endowment / long-term grantsUniversity Research Forests (Wytham, Yale-Myers, Harvard Forest)
Universities owning and endowing working research forests for a century-plus: Oxford's ancient Wytham Woods, Yale-Myers Forest (managed by the School of the Environment), and Harvard Forest — the gold standard for century-scale forest science.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Prof. Yadvinder MalhiProfessor of Ecosystem Science, Oxford — Wytham Woods research lead
Prof. Mark AshtonYale School of the Environment — silviculture & Yale-Myers Forest
Dr. David FosterDirector Emeritus, Harvard Forest
ContactPublic research grants (climate adaptation)Assisted Migration & Provenance Trials
Experimental forestry moving seed zones poleward: provenance trials, "assisted gene flow" research (UBC), and national forest research agencies testing which trees will thrive under 3–5 °C futures — the scientific backbone of 500-year planting plans.
Exemples phares
Personnalités de référence
Prof. Sally AitkenProfessor, UBC — leader of assisted gene flow research
UK Forest Research Tree Science GroupNational provenance trials · Profil de l'organisation
EVOLTREE Network CoordinatorsEuropean research network · Profil de l'organisation
Contact